Herpes is a viral infection caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), usually seen on the lips, around the mouth, in the genital area or on other areas of the body.
There are two main types
HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 is usually responsible for what are commonly known as cold sores, seen on the lips and facial area.
HSV-2 is more commonly associated with genital herpes, although both types can cause infection in either area.
The symptoms of a cold sore are as follows
Itching and burning: Before a cold sore develops, itching and a burning sensation can occur in the affected area of skin.
Redness and blisters: The affected area turns red and small, fluid-filled blisters form.
Sores and crusting: Open sores form once the blisters burst, which then crust over.
Cold sores usually heal on their own, which can take 7–10 days. The Herpes Simplex Virus stays in the body for life and can become active from time to time, triggered by stress, illness, tiredness and similar factors. Treatment methods are generally aimed at relieving symptoms and speeding up healing. Antiviral creams and oral antiviral medications can help reduce the severity and frequency of cold sores. Because cold sores are contagious and have the potential to recur frequently, infected individuals are also advised to limit direct contact with others and pay attention to personal hygiene. Rarely, more serious presentations of HSV infection can develop in people with a suppressed immune system. In patients with frequent recurrence, long-term suppressive treatment can be given.