Psoriasis is a chronic, usually lifelong skin condition that occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets skin cells. It's seen in 2–4% of the global population.
Normally, skin cells renew over approximately 28–30 days, but in psoriasis patients this process shortens to 3–4 days. Because of this rapid cell turnover, plaques form on the skin, presenting with redness, thickening and silvery-white scaling. Itching can be seen in some patients. Joint and nail involvement can also accompany it. We now know that this inflammation, described in the skin, doesn't remain confined to the skin and also causes systemic inflammation. For this reason, patients can also have many accompanying systemic issues, such as metabolic syndrome and heart disease.
Symptoms:
Reddish plaques on the skin covered with silvery scales (plaque psoriasis is the most common type).
Cracking of the skin, and sometimes bleeding.
Itching, burning and sensitivity.
Dandruff-like flaking on the scalp.
Pitting, thickening or discolouration of the nails.
Joint pain.
There are different forms of the condition. In the most common, plaque form, thickened, scaling, red plaques are seen on the knees, elbows and scalp. Other clinical presentations, such as guttate, pustular, erythrodermic and inverse psoriasis, can also be seen.
Triggering Factors:
Stress, infections (such as streptococcal throat infection), skin injuries.
Smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity.
Certain medications.
Cold and dry climate conditions can be a trigger. However, it should also be remembered that genetic predisposition is a significant factor.
Treatment:
Psoriasis treatment is determined based on the severity and type of the condition and its impact on the person's quality of life. Topical creams, phototherapy, and traditional and biologic treatments can be used. Symptoms can be brought under control with the right treatment and lifestyle changes. Regular dermatologist check-ups are important.